Arpan Adhikari 
Steel is more than just a material—it’s the foundation upon which our modern world is built. From towering skyscrapers and sprawling bridges to the cars we drive and the utensils we use, steel shapes every facet of our daily lives. Its journey from ancient innovation to high-tech marvel is a testament to human ingenuity and … Read more
Introduction Welding is one of the most fundamental processes in the manufacturing, construction, and repair industries. It plays a pivotal role in various sectors, ranging from automotive and aerospace to structural engineering and fabrication of heavy equipment. Permanently joining two pieces of metal (and sometimes plastics or other materials) provides a robust and versatile method … Read more
Introduction Optical Emission Spectroscopy (OES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analysing the light emitted from atoms or ions excited to higher energy states. It has found widespread application in various fields, including metallurgy, environmental monitoring, quality control in manufacturing, and chemical analysis. OES is valued for … Read more
Non- Non-destructive testing (NDT) is a method of evaluating the components for defects and flaws without affecting the future usefulness or serviceability of the components. NDT reveals the flaws in the structure of the components.